21 - conceptual analysis of ‘willing’, construed literally, indicates that absolute primality is essential to will : see @ 11.brec - conceptual analysis of ‘willing’, construed literally, indicates that determinative freedom is essential to will : see @ 23.brec + ∴ (it is indicated that if a will exists, then) always that will was there ∵ either: - the willing is an event with a causal factor original to the will ∴ always the causal factor was there ∴ always the will was there - the willing is no event, but was always there ∴ always the will was so determined ∴ always the will was there